The common cold is one of the most prevalent illnesses that cause a lot of concern, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak. Symptoms such as nasal congestion and a runny nose are often associated with a cold. However, these symptoms do not always mean that you have a cold or are infected with COVID-19. There are two other common illnesses with similar symptoms: sinusitis and allergic rhinitis, which can be more dangerous than a regular cold. So, how can we differentiate between these three conditions?
The Common Cold: Caused by a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract, it typically presents with mild fever (or none at all). Common symptoms include nasal congestion, a runny nose, coughing, a sore throat, and mild headaches. The cold usually resolves within 1-2 weeks.
Allergic Rhinitis: Caused by an immune system disorder, those with allergies do not experience fever, but will have nasal congestion, frequent sneezing, and itching in the nose, eyes, or roof of the mouth. It can be treated with antihistamines and avoiding triggers. Regular exercise is also recommended.
Sinusitis: This occurs when there is an infection within the sinus cavities. It causes a high fever, nasal congestion, and a runny nose, with the added symptoms of facial pain and a change in the sense of smell.
When you have a common cold, you will typically recover within 7-10 days. However, if the symptoms persist for more than 10 days and are accompanied by three warning signs, you might be dealing with sinusitis. The duration of the illness depends on whether it is caused by a bacterial or viral infection. If it’s viral, some patients may recover on their own.
How to Recognize Sinusitis
Doctors explain that sinusitis can be diagnosed by considering three main symptoms:
- Nasal congestion or blockage
- Yellow-green nasal discharge or mucus dripping down the throat
- Reduced sense of smell
- Sinus pain, typically in one of the sinus areas
It is recommended to see an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist for appropriate treatment, which may include steroid nasal sprays, decongestants, mucolytics, and antibiotics.
