Pneumonia in children is a common yet potentially dangerous condition if not treated properly. The primary cause is an infection by viruses or bacteria affecting the alveoli (air sacs) and surrounding lung tissue, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs. This results in breathing difficulties, rapid breathing, coughing, and high fever.
Key Symptoms of Pneumonia in Children
The main symptoms of pneumonia in children include fever, cough, and rapid breathing. In severe cases, bluish lips may be observed. Infants may exhibit additional signs such as:
- Intermittent breathing pauses
- Lethargy or decreased activity
- Refusal to feed or difficulty breastfeeding
If these symptoms are present, immediate medical attention is required.
Treatment of Pneumonia in Children
- Antibiotics are prescribed if the infection is bacterial.
- Antiviral medication may be required if influenza or other viral infections are suspected as the cause.
- Symptomatic treatment includes:
- Fever-reducing medications
- Bronchodilator inhalers for children with wheezing who respond well to such treatment
- Oxygen therapy for children experiencing rapid breathing
- Adequate hydration through oral fluids or intravenous fluids in severe cases where oral intake is insufficient
Prevention of Pneumonia in Children
Preventive measures include:
- Vaccination (such as the annual influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine (IPD))
- Avoiding contact with individuals with respiratory infections
- Maintaining good hygiene to reduce infection risk
Proper care and timely treatment will help children recover from pneumonia and regain their health quickly.
Source: Guidelines for the Management of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children, Thailand, 2019.
